Many of the countries struggling to establish ICT policies are concerned about capacity to implement those policies as intended. Apparently, there is now a growing appreciation within the policymaking circles that policies are not self-implementing and that concern about implementation has to translate into concrete measures for carrying out the directives. Nigeria has taken the step further in establishing the Nigeria Information Technology Development Agency; similarly in Mozambique and Rwanda and in the works in Kenya. South Africa already has one such policy-specific organ on broadcasting, created by the regulator. For broadcasting complaints, cases deemed worthy after investigation, can be escalated by referral to an independent standing committee. This committee established by the Agency under its enabling Act is to ensure compliance and enforcement of the regulations and license conditions in broadcasting. A judge of the Supreme Court in South Africa or such highstanding judicial officer chairs it.

In general, many issues such as what will these policy-specific agencies coordinate, implement, and their relationship with legacy regulators are yet to be fully clarified and understood. Nonetheless, we take a positive attitude to these developments by viewing them as a strong signal that governments are ready to heed suggestions on good governance. One of the factors consistently highlighted across countries is institutional memory. Building and sustaining institutional memory is crucial to ease the incapacitating effects of high turnover of functionaries within the ministries and agencies. Next is the challenge of multi-task, multi-principal agency; having too many goals and too many masters to serve at the same time under severely limited resources. Budgetary allocations are frequently inadequate relative to allocated tasks. The concomitant workload pressure when combined with general inexperience in the agencies, lead to challenges on procedural issues often by way of political interference or judicial review.